When it comes to hunting, choosing the right cartridge can make a big difference.
Two popular options for big game hunting are the 45-70 and the 30-06.
Both cartridges have their own unique features, strengths, and weaknesses.
In this article, we will compare and contrast these cartridges to help you decide which one is the best for your hunting needs.
Understanding the 45-70 and 30-06 cartridges
History and origin
The 45-70 Government cartridge was introduced in 1873 for use in the Springfield Model 1873 Trapdoor rifle. It was designed for use in the US military and was later adopted by civilian hunters due to its effectiveness in taking down large and dangerous game.
On the other hand, the 30-06 cartridge was introduced in 1906 for use in the Springfield Model 1903 bolt-action rifle. It was originally designed for military use, but soon became popular among hunters due to its accuracy and versatility.
Bullet weight, velocity, and energy
The 45-70 cartridge typically uses bullets weighing between 300-500 grains, with velocities ranging from 1,200-1,800 feet per second (fps). The energy of the bullet varies between 1,800-3,800 foot-pounds (ft-lbs), making it a heavy and powerful cartridge.
The 30-06 cartridge, on the other hand, uses bullets weighing between 150-220 grains, with velocities ranging from 2,600-3,000 fps. The energy of the bullet varies between 2,500-3,500 ft-lbs, making it a lighter but still powerful cartridge.
Recoil and accuracy
Due to its heavy bullet weight and high energy, the 45-70 cartridge produces a significant amount of recoil, which can affect accuracy if not properly managed. The accuracy of the cartridge is generally considered to be moderate.
In comparison, the 30-06 cartridge produces moderate to high recoil, which can also affect accuracy if not properly managed. However, the cartridge is known for its high accuracy, making it a popular choice among hunters and competitive shooters.
Performance comparison
Hunting range and versatility
The 45-70 cartridge is ideal for hunting at short to medium ranges due to its heavy bullet weight and high energy. It is often used for hunting large and dangerous game such as buffalo, grizzly bears, and moose. However, it may not be as versatile as the 30-06 cartridge when it comes to hunting smaller game.
The 30-06 cartridge is a versatile cartridge that can be used for a variety of game, from small varmints to big game like elk, mule deer, and black bear. It has a longer hunting range compared to the 45-70 cartridge and can be used effectively at medium to long ranges.
Bullet penetration and expansion
The 45-70 cartridge is known for its excellent bullet penetration, which is ideal for hunting large and tough game. The heavy bullet weight and high energy allow the bullet to penetrate deeply into the target, making it an effective cartridge for taking down game quickly and effectively.
The 30-06 cartridge also has good bullet penetration, but not as much as the 45-70 cartridge. However, the 30-06 cartridge is known for its excellent bullet expansion, which is important for hunting smaller game. The bullet expands upon impact, creating a larger wound channel and increasing the chances of a quick and humane kill.
Game suitability
The 45-70 cartridge is ideal for hunting large and dangerous game such as buffalo, grizzly bears, and moose. It is also suitable for hunting other large game such as elk and big horn sheep.
The 30-06 cartridge is suitable for hunting a variety of game, from small varmints to big game like elk, mule deer, and black bear. It is also a popular cartridge for hunting whitetail deer and other medium-sized game.
Which one to choose?
Hunting purpose and personal preference
The 45-70 is a heavy and powerful cartridge, making it an ideal choice for hunters who pursue large and dangerous game, such as buffalo, grizzly bears, and moose. It’s also a great option for those who prefer traditional hunting rifles and cartridges.
On the other hand, the 30-06 is a versatile cartridge that can be used for a variety of game, from small varmints to big game like elk, mule deer, and black bear. It’s also a popular choice for hunters who prefer modern and more streamlined rifles and cartridges.
Availability and cost
Availability and cost are also important factors to consider. While both cartridges are widely available, the 30-06 is more commonly used and is therefore easier to find in stores.
It’s also generally less expensive than the 45-70, which can be more difficult to find and is usually more expensive due to its specialized use.
Ballistics and terminal performance
When it comes to ballistics and terminal performance, both cartridges have their own unique strengths and weaknesses.
The 45-70 has a heavier bullet weight and higher energy, making it better suited for close-range shots and large game. However, it has a shorter effective range than the 30-06, which has a higher velocity and flatter trajectory.
The 30-06 is also known for its excellent accuracy and penetration, making it a great option for long-range shots and tough game.
Popular hunting rifles chambered in 45-70 and 30-06
Marlin Model 1895
This lever-action rifle is a classic design that has been around for over a century. It is chambered in the 45-70 cartridge and is known for its reliability, accuracy, and power.
The Marlin Model 1895 is popular among hunters who prefer a traditional and compact rifle for hunting large game at short to medium ranges.
Winchester Model 70
This bolt-action rifle is a timeless classic that has been in production since the 1930s. It is chambered in the 30-06 cartridge and is known for its accuracy, versatility, and durability.
The Winchester Model 70 is a popular choice for hunters who require a reliable and accurate rifle that can be used for a variety of game and hunting conditions.
Remington Model 700
This bolt-action rifle is one of the most popular hunting rifles in the world. It is available in many different calibers, including the 45-70 and the 30-06 cartridges.
The Remington Model 700 is known for its accuracy, reliability, and versatility, making it a popular choice among hunters who want a high-quality rifle that can be used for a wide range of hunting situations.
Comparison Table
| Criteria | 45-70 | 30-06 |
|---|---|---|
| Bullet weight | 300-500 grains | 150-220 grains |
| Velocity | 1,200-1,800 fps | 2,600-3,000 fps |
| Energy | 1,800-3,800 ft-lbs | 2,500-3,500 ft-lbs |
| Recoil | High | Moderate to high |
| Accuracy | Moderate | High |
| Hunting range | Short to medium | Long |
| Game suitability | Large and dangerous | Medium to large |
Examples
- The 45-70 is popular among hunters who pursue large and dangerous game such as buffalo, grizzly bears, and moose due to its heavy bullet weight and high energy.
- The 30-06 is a versatile cartridge that can be used for a variety of game, from small varmints to big game like elk, mule deer, and black bear.
Conclusion
Choosing between the 45-70 and the 30-06 can be a difficult decision for any hunter.
Both cartridges have their own unique strengths and weaknesses, and the right choice will depend on your hunting purpose, personal preference, and shooting ability.
Hopefully, this article has helped you make an informed decision on which cartridge is the best for your next hunting trip.
Related articles
- The Best Cartridges for Hunting Elk
- The Top Hunting Rifles of 2023
- How to Choose the Right Bullet for Hunting